“Fast Volume Preservation for Realistic Muscle Deformation”

Fast and robust volume preservation is essential to achieve the realistic simulation of human muscle structure because approximately 75% of the human body is water and the overall volume is well maintained even during a large deformation. The precise control of the incompressibility is also important to accurately represent the behavior of a muscle such as an anisotropic bulging, and the local non-linear deformation of tissue incurred by skin-to-skin contact. Previously [Nedel and Thalmann 1998] modeled a mass-spring muscle with additional angular springs to preserve muscle shape, but their approach is based on a simplified volume calculation and therefore does not guarantee accurate volume preservation and can alter the material properties due to the additional artificial springs. Unlike a fluid-filled balloon that preserves volume globally, human tissue often demonstrates nonlinear local deformation. This paper presents an efficient volume preservation technique that provides not only robust volume preservation but an ability to control the distribution of volume depending on the material properties and the characteristics of external loadings.

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