“SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes” by Zeleznik, Herndon and Hughes

  • ©Robert (Bob) Zeleznik, Kenneth P. Herndon, and John F. Hughes

Conference:


Type:


Title:

    SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes

Presenter(s)/Author(s):


Abstract:


    Sketching communicates ideas rapidly through approximate visual images with low overhead (pencil and paper), no need for precision or specialized knowledge, and ease of low-level correction and revision. In contrast, most 3D computer modeling systems are good at generating arbitrary views of precise 3D models and support high-level editing and revision. The SKETCH application described in this paper attempts to combine the advantages of each in order to create an environment for rapidly conceptualizing and editing approximate 3D scenes. To achieve this, SKETCH uses simple non-photorealistic rendering and a purely gestural interface based on simplified line drawings of primitives that allows all operations to be specified within the 3D world.

References:


    1. M. Akeo, H. Hashimoto, T. Kobayashi, and T. Shibusawa. Computer graphics system for reproducing three-dimensional shape from idea sketch. Eurographics ’94 Proceedings, 13(3):477-488, 1994.
    2. Artifice, Inc. Design Workshop. Macintosh application.
    3. T. Baudel. A mark-based interaction paradigm for free-hand drawing. UIST ’94 Proceedings, pages 185-192, Nov. 1994.
    4. E.A. Bier. Snap-dragging in three dimensions. Computer Graphics (1990 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics), 24(2):193-204, Mar. 1990.
    5. V. Branco, A. Costa, and F.N. Ferriera. Sketching 3D models with 2D interaction devices. Eurographics ’94 Proceedings, 13(3):489-502, 1994.
    6. R. Bukowski and C. S~quin. Object associations: A simple and practical approach to virtual 3D manipulation. Computer Graphics (1995 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics), pages 131-138, Apr. 1995.
    7. J. Butterworth, A. Davidson, S. Hench, and T.M. Olano. 3DM: A three dimensional modeler using a head-mounted display. Computer Graphics (1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics), 25(2):135-138, Mar. 1992.
    8. M. Chen, S. Joy Mountford, and Abigail Sellen. A study in interactive 3-D rotation using 2-D control devices. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’88 Proceedings), 22(4):121-129, August 1988.
    9. M. Clowes. On seeing things. Artificial Intelligence, (2):79-116, 1971. North-Holland.
    10. M. Deering. Holosketch: A virtual reality sketching/animation tool. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2(3):220-238, 1995.
    11. T. Galyean and J. Hughes. Sculpting: An interactive volumetric modeling technique. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’91 Proceedings), 25(4):267-274, July 1991.
    12. M. Gleicher. Integrating constraints and direct manipulation. Computer Graphics (1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics), 25(2):171-174, March 1992.
    13. K.P. Herndon, R.C. Zeleznik, D.C. Robbins, D.B. Conner, S.S. Snibbe, and A.van Dam. Interactive shadows. UIST ’92 Proceedings, pages 1-6, Nov. 1992.
    14. D. Kurlander and S. Feiner. Inferring constraints from multiple snapshots. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 12(4):277-304, Oct. 1993.
    15. D. Lamb and A. Bandopadhay. Interpreting a 3D object from a rough 2D line drawing. Visualization ’90 Proceedings, pages 59-66, 1990.
    16. J.A. Landay and B.A. Myers. Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design. Proceedings of CHI’95, pages 43-50, 1995.
    17. J. Lansdown and S. Schofield. Expressive rendering: A review of nonphotorealistic techniques. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, pages 29-37, May 1995.
    18. J.D. Mackinlay, S.K. Card, and G.G. Robertson. Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3d workspace. In Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 171-176, October 1986.
    19. G. Magnan. Using technical art: An industry guide. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1970.
    20. D. Pugh. Designing solid objects using interactive sketch interpretation. Computer Graphics (1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics), 25(2):117-126, Mar. 1992.
    21. D. Rubine. Specifying gestures by example. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’91 Proceedings), 25(4):329-337, July 1991.
    22. E. Sachs, A. Roberts, and D. Stoops. 3-draw: A tool for designing 3D shapes. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, pages 18-25, Nov. 1991.
    23. M. Salisbury, S. Anderson, R. Barzel, and D. Salesin. Interactive pen-and-ink illustration. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’94 Proceedings), pages 101-108, July 1994.
    24. S. Sistare. Graphical interaction techniques in constraint-based geometric modeling. Proceedings of Graphics Interface ’91, pages 85-92, June 1991.
    25. S.S. Snibbe, K.P. Herndon, D.C. Robbins, D.B. Conner, and A. van Dam. Using deformations to explore 3D widget design. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’92 Proceedings), 26(2):351-352, July 1992.
    26. J.M. Snyder and J.T. Kajiya. Generative modeling: A symbolic system for geometric modeling. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’92 Proceedings), 26(2):369-378, July 1992.
    27. P. Strauss and R. Carey. An object-oriented 3D graphics toolkit. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’92 Proceedings), 26(2):341-349, July 1992.
    28. W. Wang and G. Grinstein. A survey of 3D solid reconstruction from 2D projection line drawings. Computer Graphics Forum, 12(2):137-158, June 1993.
    29. L.R. Wanger, J.A. Ferwerda, and D.P. Greenberg. Perceiving spatial relationships in computer-generated images. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 12(3):44-58, May 1992.

ACM Digital Library Publication:


Overview Page: