“Rupture simulation of a bubble with MPS” by Mukai, Kagatsume and Nakagawa

One of the most difficult tasks with computer graphics is visualization of liquid, especially bubble that is constructed with air and water. Many scientists have struggled to represent bubble behavior. [Hong et al. 2008] proposed a hybrid method of Eulerian grids and Lagrangian particles in order to visualize small-scale bubbles in large-scale water body. Bubble particles are seeded randomly at the bottom and disappear when they reach the surface. In addition, [Ihmsen et al. 2011] proposed another two-way coupling method for water and air because of the large density ratio of water to air. Each phase is treated separately and combined together. Bubbles are seeded on the fly, treated as foam on the surface and deleted after a user defined time. Both researches use SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) as the particle method and succeeded to visualize the bubble behavior; however, bubbles are generated in calm water and the water is incompressible. They also did not treat the behavior of bubble rupture. On the other hand, [Bird et al. 2010] revealed that numerous small bubbles (daughter bubbles) are generated when a bubble ruptures, and the small bubbles create a ring. Therefore, we propose a method to simulate the rupturing behavior of a bubble with MPS (Moving Particle Semi-implicit), which is another particle method that can treat incompressible fluid.

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3. Ihmsen, M., Bader, J., Akinci, G., and Teschner, M. 2011. Animation of air bubbles with SPH. International Conference on Graphics Theory and Application, 225–234.