“Physics-based modeling of ice with bubbles” by Madrazo and Okada
Conference:
Type(s):
Title:
- Physics-based modeling of ice with bubbles
Presenter(s)/Author(s):
Abstract:
In computer graphics (CG) animated movies, ice is usually represented as totally white or totally transparent. However, this representation is not photorealistic enough for actual movies, where the use of real ice, or even clay or plastic, is still preferred over CG. Bubbles are one of the main characteristics that define the appearance of ice, since light is scattered by them. The number and size of bubbles are determined by the concentration of impurities (considering air as the main impurity), and by the velocity of the ice-water interface [Carte 1961]. Therefore, in order to determine characteristics of trapped bubbles in ice by a physically based approach, it is necessary to also simulate the ice formation process as well. Kim et al. [2006] simulated ice formation in three dimensions, for the case of icicles growing in thin-films. Ice solidification process is observed as a moving interface between water and ice, suitable for level set methods to be represented.
References:
1. Carte, A. E. 1961. Air bubbles in ice. Proc. Phys. Soc. 77, 757–768.
2. Enright, D., Marschner, S., and Fedkiw, R. 2002. Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces. ACM Transactions on Graphics 26, 3, 736–744.
3. Kim, T., Adalsteinsson, D., and Lin, M. C. 2006. Modeling ice dynamics as a thin-film stefan problem. In Proc. of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 167–176.
