“Fidelity vs. simplicity: a global approach to line drawing vectorization”
Conference:
Type(s):
Title:
- Fidelity vs. simplicity: a global approach to line drawing vectorization
Abstract:
Vector drawing is a popular representation in graphic design because of the precision, compactness and editability offered by parametric curves. However, prior work on line drawing vectorization focused solely on faithfully capturing input bitmaps, and largely overlooked the problem of producing a compact and editable curve network. As a result, existing algorithms tend to produce overly-complex drawings composed of many short curves and control points, especially in the presence of thick or sketchy lines that yield spurious curves at junctions. We propose the first vectorization algorithm that explicitly balances fidelity to the input bitmap with simplicity of the output, as measured by the number of curves and their degree. By casting this trade-off as a global optimization, our algorithm generates few yet accurate curves, and also disambiguates curve topology at junctions by favoring the simplest interpretations overall. We demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm on a variety of drawings, sketchy cartoons and rough design sketches.
References:
1. Bao, B., and Fu, H. 2012. Vectorizing line drawings with near-constant line width. In Image Processing (ICIP), 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on, IEEE, 805–808.Google Scholar
2. Barla, P., Thollot, J., and Sillion, F. 2005. Geometric clustering for line drawing simplification. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering. Google ScholarDigital Library
3. Bartolo, A., Camilleri, K. P., Fabri, S. G., Borg, J. C, and Farrugia, P. J. 2007. Scribbles to vectors: preparation of scribble drawings for cad interpretation. In Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling. Google ScholarDigital Library
4. Bo, P., Luo, G., and Wang, K. 2015. A graph-based method for fitting planar b-spline curves with intersections. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering.Google Scholar
5. Bretto, A. 2013. Hypergraph Theory: an introduction. Springer. Google ScholarDigital Library
6. Chai, D., Forstner, W., and Lafarge, F. 2013. Recovering line-networks in images by junction-point processes. In Proc. of the IEEE conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Google ScholarDigital Library
7. Dalstein, B., Ronfard, R., and van de Panne, M. 2015. Vector graphics animation with time-varying topology. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 34, 4. Google ScholarDigital Library
8. Delong, A., Osokin, A., Isack, H. N., and Boykov, Y. 2012. Fast approximate energy minimization with label costs. International Journal Computer Vision (IJCV) 96, 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
9. Hastings, W. 1970. Monte Carlo sampling using Markov chains and their applications. Biometrika 57, 1.Google ScholarCross Ref
10. Hilaire, X., and Tombre, K. 2006. Robust and accurate vectorization of line drawings. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) 28, 6. Google ScholarDigital Library
11. Iarussi, E., Li, W., and Bousseau, A. 2015. Wrapit: Computer-assisted crafting of wire wrapped jewelry. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia) 34, 6. Google ScholarDigital Library
12. Lecot, G., and Lévy, B. 2006. Ardeco: automatic region detection and conversion. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering Techniques. Google ScholarDigital Library
13. Levin, A., Zomet, A., and Weiss, Y. 2004. Separating reflections from a single image using local features. In Proc. of the IEEE conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).Google Scholar
14. Liao, Z., Hoppe, H., Forsyth, D., and Yu, Y. 2012. A subdivision-based representation for vector image editing. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) 18, 11. Google ScholarDigital Library
15. Liu, X., Wong, T.-T., and Heng, P.-A. 2015. Closure-aware sketch simplification. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 34, 6. Google ScholarDigital Library
16. Noris, G., Hornung, A., Sumner, R. W., Simmons, M., and Gross, M. 2013. Topology-driven vectorization of clean line drawings. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 32, 1, 4. Google ScholarDigital Library
17. Orbay, G., and Kara, L. B. 2011. Beautification of design sketches using trainable stroke clustering and curve fitting. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) 17, 5. Google ScholarDigital Library
18. Orzan, A., Bousseau, A., Winnemöller, H., Barla, P., Thollot, J., and Salesin, D. 2008. Diffusion curves: a vector representation for smooth-shaded images. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 27, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
19. Peng, T., Jermyn, I., Prinet, V., and Zerubia, J. 2010. Extended phase field higher-order active contour models for networks – its application to road network extraction from VHR satellite images. International Journal Computer Vision (IJCV) 88, 1. Google ScholarDigital Library
20. Richardt, C., Lopez-Moreno, J., Bousseau, A., Agrawala, M., and Drettakis, G. 2014. Vectorising bitmaps into semi-transparent gradient layers. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. Eurographics Symposium on Rendering) 33, 4. Google ScholarDigital Library
21. Salamon, P., Sibani, P., and Frost, R. 2002. Facts, Conjectures, and Improvements for Simulated Annealing. SIAM Monographs on Mathematical Modeling and Computation, Philadelphia, United States. Google ScholarDigital Library
22. Sun, J., Liang, L., Wen, F., and Shum, H.-Y. 2007. Image vectorization using optimized gradient meshes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 26, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
23. Turetken, E., Benmansour, F., Andres, B., Pfister, H., and Fua, P. 2013. Reconstructing Loopy Curvilinear Structures Using Integer Programming. In Proc. of the IEEE conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Google ScholarDigital Library
24. Xu, B., Chang, W., Sheffer, A., Bousseau, A., McCrae, J., and Singh, K. 2014. True2form: 3d curve networks from 2d sketches via selective regularization. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 33, 4. Google ScholarDigital Library
25. Zhang, S.-H., Chen, T., Zhang, Y.-F., Hu, S.-M., and Martin, R. R. 2009. Vectorizing cartoon animations. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) 15, 4. Google ScholarDigital Library
26. Zhou, Y., Yin, K., Huang, H., Zhang, H., Gong, M., and Cohen-Or, D. 2015. Generalized cylinder decomposition. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia) 34, 6. Google ScholarDigital Library
