“Fast Physically Based Musculoskeletal Simulation”

Human movement is complex and subtle because it involves the coordinated action of a large number of muscles under neural control. Simulation holds the promise of providing a powerful and inexpensive way to generate and study this complexity. The models available today can be broadly divided into two categories, due to their very different modeling choices.

Delp, S. L., and Loan, J. P. 1995. A graphics-based software system to develop and analyze models of musculoskeletal structures. Comput. Biol. Med. 25, 1, 21–34.
Teran, J., Blemker, S., Ng-Thow-Hing, V., and Fedkiw, R. 2003. Finite volume methods for the simulation of skeletal muscle. In Proc. 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 68–74.