“Computer-assisted chart making from the graphic designer’s perspective” by Marcus

It is important to improve the aesthetics and effectiveness of information graphics through greater awareness of graphic design as a visual communication discipline. Chart making is one subject area in which graphic design awareness can be enhanced. Basic design principles are reviewed which are relevant to creating better charts. Examples demonstrate improvements.

1. Benson, Bill. “CHART: User’s Guide.” Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, November 1976.
2. Bertin, Jacques. Semiologie Graphique. Gauthier-Villars/Mouton, Paris, 1973.
3. Blackburn, Bruce. Design Standards manuals. Federal Design Library, National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, D.C. 1977.
4. Eco, Umberto, Theory of Semiotics. Indiana University Press, 1976.
5. Foley, James D. and Victor L. Wallace. “The Art of Natural Graphic Man-Machine Conversations,” IEEE, . 62: 4, (April 1974), 464-471
6. “Genigraphics”, General Electric Company, Genigraphic Center 9, San Francisco, California, 1979.
7. Gerstner, Karl, Designing Programmes, Hastings House Publishers, New York, 1968.
8. Herdeg, Walter, ed. Graphis: Diagrams. Graphis Press, Zurich, 1975.
9. Hoffman, Armin, Graphic Design Manual, Hastings House Publishers, New York, 1965.
10. Hyder, Darrell. “Swiss Typography Today,” Penrose Annual 63, edited by Herbert Spencer, Hastings House Publishers, New York, 1968.
11. Lockwood, Arthur. Diagrams. Watson-Guptill, New York, 1969.
12. Marcus, Aaron, “Modern Swiss Posters,” The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1971.
13. Marcus, Aaron. “At The Edge of Meaning,” Visible Language, 11: 2, 1977, 4-20.
14. Marcus, Aaron. “Routes, Loops, Transfers, and Dead-Ends,” Print, 32: 2, 1978, 49-54.
15. Martin, James. Design of Man-Computer Dialogues. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1973.
16. Meyers, Cecil H., Handbook of Basic Graphs: A Modern Approach. Dickenson Publishing Co., Inc., Belmont, California, 1970.
17. Morse, Alan. “Some Principles for the Effective Display of Data.” Computer graphics, 13: 2, 1979, 94-101.
18. Muller-Brockman, Joseph. The Graphic Artist and His Design Problems, Hastings House Publishers, New York, 1968.
19. Muller-Brockman, Joseph. A History of Visual Communication, Hastings House Publishers, New York, 1971.
20. “New Ways to View World Problems,” Perspectives, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1979, pp. 15-22.
21. Robinson, Arthur H., Randall Sale and Joel Morrison, Elements of Cartography, Fourth edition, New York, 1978.
22. Ruder, Emil. Typographie, Hastings House Publishers, New York, 1967.
23. Schmid, Calvin, Handbook of Graphic Presentation, First Edition, The Ronald Press Co., New York, 1954; second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979.
24. Spear, Mary Eleanor. Practical Charting Techniques. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1969.
25. Stevens, Carol, “Swiss Design Is Alive {etc.},” Print, Vol. 25, No. 1, January-February 1971, pp. 37-49.
26. Sventek, Virginia A. CHART: Workbook II. Socio-Economic-Environmental-Demographic Information System, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Department, Publ. No., LBL-7277, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, March 1978.
27. “Tel-A-Graf”, “Display”, Integrated Software Systems Corp., San Diego, California, 1979.
28. Tschichold, Jan. Asymmetric Typography, translated by Ruari MacLean, Rheinhold, New York, 1967.
29. Vignelli, Massimo. Grids: Their Meaning and Use for Federal Designers. Federal Design Library. National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, D.C., 1977.
30. Von Grunigen, Swiss Poster Art, Verlag der Visualis, Zurich, 1968.
31. “Wertheimer, Max. Laws of Organization in Perceptual Forms,” in Ellis Willis D., ed. A Source Book of Gestalt Psychology. Harcourt Brace, New York, 1939.