“An interactive 3D toolkit for constructing 3D widgets” by Zeleznik, Herndon, Robbins, Huang, Meyer, et al. …

Today’s user interfaces for most 3D graphics applications still depend heavily on 2D GUIs and keyboard input. There have been
several recent attempts both to extend these user interfaces into 3D
and to describe intermediary 3D widgets 1 that control application
objects [3; 4; 5; 7; 13; 15]. Even though this style of interaction is
a straightforward extension of interaction through intermediary 2D
widgets such as dials or sliders, we know of no efforts to develop
interactive 3D toolkits akin to UIMX or Garnet [11].
The Brown Graphics Group has had considerable experience using its Unified Graphics Architecture (UGA) system [16] to script
3D widgets such as deformation racks [14], interactive shadows [9],
parameterized models, and other constrained 3D geometries. Using this experience, we have developed an interactive toolkit to
facilitate the visual programming of the geometry and behavior of
such interactive models. The toolkit provides both a core set of 3D
widget primitives for constructing interactive behaviors based on
constrained affine transformations, and an interactive 3D interface
for combining these primitives into more complex widgets.
This video paper describes the fundamental concepts of the
toolkit and its core set of primitives. In particular, we describe
(i) the conceptual structure of the primitives, (ii) the criteria used
to select a particular primitive widget set that would be expressive
enough to let us construct a wide range of interactive 3D objects,
and (iii) the constraint relationships among the primitives.

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