“An electrical muscle stimulation haptic feedback for mixed reality tennis game” by Farbiz, Yu, Manders and Ahmad

We have developed a novel haptic interface for mixed reality applications. Specifically, we have constructed an electrical muscle stimulation system which is wirelessly controlled by a computer and generates electrical pulses with controlled amplitude, timing, and frequencies. The characteristics of the pulses are similar to the commercial electrical muscle stimulators used in medical applications. We apply these pulses through two electrode pads attached to the user’s forearms. Hence, the user can feel muscle contractions when pulses are activated.

1. MadCatz. Madcatz bioforce article at newsfactor, available at. http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/12528.html.