“Accurate color reproduction for computer graphics applications” by Lindbloom

A method is presented for accurate color reproduction among a wide variety of display devices. The method is very general, in that it may be applied to virtually any color display device. Its generality has been demonstrated by application to color monitors, film recorders, electronic pre-press systems and color hardcopy devices. The algorithm has been used to accurately translate between device dependent and device independent color specifications and to translate from one device dependent color specification to another.The method separates the color reproduction process into two distinct components: device characterization, which accounts for the colorimetric properties of each class of display device, and device calibration, which accounts for local variations from one instance of a device to another.A companded RGB color space is introduced, which is used with trivariate parametric polynomial volumes (i.e. hyperpatches) to perform accurate color transformations.A color separation algorithm is presented which converts companded RGB to and from the subtractive printing colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) using gray component replacement.

1. Conrac Corporation, Raster Graphics Handbook, Second Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985.
2. Texas Instruments, Digital Signal Processing Applications with the TMS820 Family, 1986.
3. Forman S. Acton, Numerical Methods That Work, Harper & Row, 1970.
4. Edwin Catmull, “A Tutorial on Compensation Tables,” Computer Graphics, vol. 13, no. 2, Association for Computing Machinery, August 1979.
5. Michael F. Cohen and Donald P. Greenberg, “The Hemi-cube, A Radiosity Solution for Complex Environments,” Computer Graphics, vol. 19, no. 3, Association for Computing Machinery, July 1985.
6. Robert L. Cook, Thomas Porter, and Lores Carpenter, “Distributed Ray Tracing,” Computer Graphics, vol. 18, no. 3, Association for Computing Machinery, July 1984.
7. Tom N. Cornsweet, Visual Perception, Academic Press, 1970.
8. James D. Foley and Andries Van Dam, Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1982.
9. Roy A. Hall and Donald P. Greenberg, “A Testbed for Realistic Image Synthesis,” Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 3, no. 8, IEEE Computer Society, November 1983.
10. Paul Heckbert, “Color Image Quantization for Frame Buffer Display,” Computer Graphics~ vol. 16~ no. 3, Association for Computing Machinery, July 1982.
11. James T. Kajiya, “Ray Tracing Parametric Patches,” Computer Graphics, vol. 16, no. 3, Association for Computing Machinery, July 1982.
12. Irving Pobboravsky and Milton Pearson, “Computation of Dot Areas Required to Match A Colorimetrically Specified Color Using the Modified Neugebauer Equations,” 150, Graphic Arts Research Center, Rochester Institute of Technology.
13. Anthony Ralston and Philip Rabiaowitz, A First Course in Numerical Analysisp McGraw Hill Book Company, 1978.
14. Philip K. Robertson, “Visualizing Color Gamuts: A User Interface for the Effective Use of Perceptual Color Spaces in Data Displays,” Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 8, no. 5, IEEE Computer Society, Sew tember 1988.
15. Miles F. Southworth, Color Separation Techniques, Second Edition, Graphic Arts Publishing, 1979.
16. Maureen C. Stone, William B. Cowan, and John C. Beatty, “Color Gamut Mapping and the Printing of Digital Color Images,” A CM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 7, no. 3, Association for Computing Machinery, October 1988.
17. Daniel L. Toth, “On Ray Tracing Parametric Surfaces,” Computer Graphics, vol. 19, no. 3, Association for Computing Machinery, July 1985.
18. Turner Whitted, “An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 23, no. 6, Association for Computing Machinery, June 1980.
19. Gunter Wyszecki and Deane B. Judd, Color in Business, S~ience and Industry, John Wiley gc Sons, 1975.
20. Gunter Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science, Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, Second Edition, John Wiley ~ Sons, 1982.
21. J. A. C. Yule, Principles of Color Reproduction, John Wiley & Sons, 1967.