“Wrinkled flames and cellular patterns” by Hong, Shindar and Fedkiw

We model flames and fire using the Navier-Stokes equations combined with the level set method and jump conditions to model the reaction front. Previous works modeled the flame using a combination of propagation in the normal direction and a curvature term which leads to a level set equation that is parabolic in nature and thus overly dissipative and smooth. Asymptotic theory shows that one can obtain more interesting velocities and fully hyperbolic (as opposed to parabolic) equations for the level set evolution. In particular, researchers in the field of detonation shock dynamics (DSD) have derived a set of equations which exhibit characteristic cellular patterns. We show how to make use of the DSD framework in the context of computer graphics simulations of flames and fire to obtain interesting features such as flame wrinkling and cellular patterns.

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