“Modeling the mighty maple” by Bloomenthal

  • ©Jules Bloomenthal

Conference:


Type(s):


Title:

    Modeling the mighty maple

Presenter(s)/Author(s):


Abstract:


    A method is presented for representing botanical trees, given three-dimensional points and connections. Limbs are modeled as generalized cylinders whose axes are space curves that interpolate the points. A free-form surface connects branching limbs. “Blobby” techniques are used to model the tree trunk as a series of non-circular cross sections. Bark is simulated with a bump map digitized from real world bark; leaves are textures mapped onto simple surfaces.

References:


    1. Agin, G.J., “Representation and Description of Curved Objects,” Memo AIM-173, Stanford Arti fi~,f’,d Intelligence Rcpost. October 1972.
    2. Aunt. M. and Kunii~ T.I,, “Botanical Tree Image Generation,” IEEE Computer Graphic~ and ApplicatiOns, Vol. 4, No. 5, 1982.
    3. Barnhi{1, R.E., and Riesenfeld. R.F., Computer Aided Geometric Design, Academic Press, t974.
    4. Barsky, B.A., and Beatty, J.C. “Local Control of Bias and Tension in Beta-splines.'” ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1983.
    5. Blinn, LF., “A Generalizztion of Algebraic Surface Drawing,” ACM Transactions on Graphics. Vol. 1, No. 3, July 1982.
    6. Bloomenthal, J,. “A Representation for Botanic’,d Trees using Density Distributions,” Prtxzeedings, Intevnationnl Confcrcncc ~m Engineering and Computer Graphics, Beijing, China. September 1984.
    7. Brooks. J,, et ~1., “An Extension of the Combinatorial Geometry Technique for Modeling Vegetation and Terrain Features,~” Technic’,d Report for the Department of Defense, Cat’,dog No. AD782883.
    8. Burr, P,J., and Adelson, E.H. “The L~placian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code,” IEEE Transacticm.~ on Communicalions, COM-3 l, 1983.
    9. Charrot, P., and Gregory, J.A., “A Pentagonal Surface Patch for CAGD,'” Computer Aided Geometric Design, Vol. 1, No. 1., Jul? 1984.
    10. Christiansen, H.N. and Sederberg, T.W., “Conuersion of Complex Contour Line Definitions into Polygonal Element Mosaics,” Computer Graphi,,:s, Vol, 12, No. 3, August 1978.
    11. Faux, I.D., and Pratt, M.J., Computational Geometry for Desfgn and Manufacture, John Wiley and Sons, 1979.
    12. Fletcher, D.Q., Mechanics of Matertals, CBS College Publishing, 1985.
    13. Folcy, J.D. and Van Dam, A., Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, Addison-Wesley Publishing C~mpany, 1982.
    14. Gardner. G. ‘~Computer Generated Texturing to Model Real World Features.'” Proceedings. First Interservice Industry Training Equipment Conference, Orlando, Florida, November 1979.
    15. Greville, T. Theory and tlppifcations of Splfne k~unctions, Academic Pre~, 1969.
    16. Kawaguchi, Y., “A Morphological Sludy of the Form of Nalure,'” Computer Graphics, Vol, 16, No. 3, July 1982.
    17. Kochanek, I).H.U., and Barrels, R.H,, “‘lnter0olating Splin~ with Local Tension, Continuity’ and Bias Control,” Computer Graphite, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 1994.
    18. LalvanL H., “Generalive Morphology of Transforming Space Structure,'” Proceedings, Third International Conference on Space Structures, Surrey, UK, 1984.
    19. Lane, J, “Curve and Surface Display Techniques,” Siggtaph Tutodal Notes, 1982.
    20. Mandelbrot, B., Fractals: Form, Chance, and Dimension, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 1977.
    21. Marshall, R., Wilson, R., and Carlson, W., “‘Procedure Models for Generating ThreeDimensional irervain.” Computer Graphics, Vol. 14, No. 3, July 1980.
    22. Nasri, A.H., “Polyheclral Subdivision Methods for Free-Form Surfaces,” Doctor’nl Thesis, The School of Computing Studies and Accourttancy, University of East Anglia, 1984.
    23. Reeves. W.T., “Andre’s Forest,” Computer Graphics (back ~ver), Vot. 18, No. 3, July 1984.
    24. Rogers, D., and Adams, J., Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976.
    25. Rog;ers, W,E., Tree Flowers of Forest, Park and Street, Dover Publications, New York, 1965.
    26. Sharti, U., and Ballard, D.H., “‘Splines as Embeddings for Generalized Cylinders,” Compu~ter Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, Vol. 27, No. 2, August 1984.
    27. Smith, A.R., “Plants, Fractals, and Formal Language,” Computer Graphics, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 1984.
    28. Tomlinson, P.B., “Tree Architecture,” American Scientist, Vol. 71, March 1983.
    29. Williams, L.J., “Casting Curved Shadows on Curved Surfaces,” Computer Graphics, Vol. 12, No. 3, Augusl t978,
    30. Williams, IJ., private communication, 198 l.

ACM Digital Library Publication:


Overview Page: