“Mechanics-aware deformation of yarn pattern geometry” by Sperl, Narain and Wojtan

Triangle mesh-based simulations are able to produce satisfying animations of knitted and woven cloth; however, they lack the rich geometric detail of yarn-level simulations. Naive texturing approaches do not consider yarn-level physics, while full yarn-level simulations may become prohibitively expensive for large garments. We propose a method to animate yarn-level cloth geometry on top of an underlying deforming mesh in a mechanics-aware fashion. Using triangle strains to interpolate precomputed yarn geometry, we are able to reproduce effects such as knit loops tightening under stretching. In combination with precomputed mesh animation or real-time mesh simulation, our method is able to animate yarn-level cloth in real-time at large scales.

1. David Baraff and Andrew Witkin. 1998. Large steps in cloth simulation. In Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. ACM, 43–54.Google ScholarDigital Library
2. Jan Bender, Matthias Müller, and Miles Macklin. 2015. Position-Based Simulation Methods in Computer Graphics.. In Eurographics (tutorials). 8.Google Scholar
3. Miklós Bergou, Basile Audoly, Etienne Vouga, Max Wardetzky, and Eitan Grinspun. 2010. Discrete viscous threads. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 29, 4 (2010), 1–10.Google ScholarDigital Library
4. Juan J Casafranca, Gabriel Cirio, Alejandro Rodríguez, Eder Miguel, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2020. Mixing yarns and triangles in cloth simulation. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 39. Wiley Online Library, 101–110.Google Scholar
5. Nuttapong Chentanez, Miles Macklin, Matthias Müller, Stefan Jeschke, and Tae-Yong Kim. 2020. Cloth and skin deformation with a triangle mesh based convolutional neural network. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 39. Wiley Online Library, 123–134.Google Scholar
6. Gabriel Cirio, Jorge Lopez-Moreno, David Miraut, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2014. Yarn-level simulation of woven cloth. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 33, 6 (2014), 1–11.Google ScholarDigital Library
7. Gabriel Cirio, Jorge Lopez-Moreno, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2015. Efficient simulation of knitted cloth using persistent contacts. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. 55–61.Google ScholarDigital Library
8. Gabriel Cirio, Jorge Lopez-Moreno, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2016. Yarn-level cloth simulation with sliding persistent contacts. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23, 2 (2016), 1152–1162.Google ScholarDigital Library
9. Blender Online Community. 2020. Blender – a 3D modelling and rendering package. Blender Foundation, Stichting Blender Foundation, Amsterdam. http://www.blender.orgGoogle Scholar
10. Charles-Alban Deledalle, Loic Denis, Sonia Tabti, and Florence Tupin. 2017. Closed-form expressions of the eigen decomposition of 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 Hermitian matrices. (2017).Google Scholar
11. Petros Faloutsos, Michiel Van De Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. 1997. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3, 3 (1997), 201–214.Google ScholarDigital Library
12. Lin Gao, Yu-Kun Lai, Jie Yang, Zhang Ling-Xiao, Shihong Xia, and Leif Kobbelt. 2019. Sparse data driven mesh deformation. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics (2019).Google ScholarCross Ref
13. Eitan Grinspun, Yotam Gingold, Jason Reisman, and Denis Zorin. 2006. Computing discrete shape operators on general meshes. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 25. Wiley Online Library, 547–556.Google Scholar
14. Sunil Hadap, E Bongarter, Pascal Volino, and Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann. 1999. Animating wrinkles on clothes. In Proceedings Visualization’99 (Cat. No. 99CB37067). IEEE, 175–523.Google ScholarCross Ref
15. Jonathan Hoffman, Matt Kuruc, Junyi Ling, Alex Marino, George Nguyen, and Sasha Ouellet. 2020. Hypertextural Garments on Pixar’s Soul. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2020 Talks. Association for Computing Machinery, Article 75.Google ScholarDigital Library
16. Doug L James. 2020. Phong deformation: a better C0 interpolant for embedded deformation. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 39, 4 (2020), 56–1.Google ScholarDigital Library
17. Ning Jin, Yilin Zhu, Zhenglin Geng, and Ronald Fedkiw. 2020. A Pixel-Based Framework for Data-Driven Clothing. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 39. Wiley Online Library, 135–144.Google Scholar
18. Jonathan M Kaldor, Doug L James, and Steve Marschner. 2008. Simulating knitted cloth at the yarn level. In ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG). Vol. 27. 65.Google ScholarDigital Library
19. Jonathan M Kaldor, Doug L James, and Steve Marschner. 2010. Efficient yarn-based cloth with adaptive contact linearization. In ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Vol. 29. ACM, 105.Google ScholarDigital Library
20. Ladislav Kavan, Dan Gerszewski, Adam W Bargteil, and Peter-Pike Sloan. 2011. Physics-inspired upsampling for cloth simulation in games. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers. 1–10.Google ScholarDigital Library
21. Josef Kiendl, Ming-Chen Hsu, Michael CH Wu, and Alessandro Reali. 2015. Isogeometric Kirchhoff-Love shell formulations for general hyperelastic materials. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 291 (2015), 280–303.Google ScholarCross Ref
22. Yuki Koyama, Kenshi Takayama, Nobuyuki Umetani, and Takeo Igarashi. 2012. Real-time example-based elastic deformation. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. 19–24.Google Scholar
23. Jonathan Leaf, Rundong Wu, Eston Schweickart, Doug L James, and Steve Marschner. 2018. Interactive design of periodic yarn-level cloth patterns. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 37, 6 (2018), 1–15.Google ScholarDigital Library
24. Wan-Chun Ma, Andrew Jones, Jen-Yuan Chiang, Tim Hawkins, Sune Frederiksen, Pieter Peers, Marko Vukovic, Ming Ouhyoung, and Paul Debevec. 2008. Facial performance synthesis using deformation-driven polynomial displacement maps. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 27, 5 (2008), 1–10.Google ScholarDigital Library
25. Sebastian Martin, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Eitan Grinspun, and Markus Gross. 2011. Example-based elastic materials. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers. 1–8.Google ScholarDigital Library
26. Zahra Montazeri, Søren B Gammelmark, Shuang Zhao, and Henrik Wann Jensen. 2020. A practical ply-based appearance model of woven fabrics. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 39, 6 (2020), 1–13.Google ScholarDigital Library
27. Zahra Montazeri, Chang Xiao, Yun Fei, Changxi Zheng, and Shuang Zhao. 2019. Mechanics-Aware Modeling of Cloth Appearance. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 27, 1 (2019), 137–150.Google ScholarDigital Library
28. Matthias Müller and Nuttapong Chentanez. 2010. Wrinkle Meshes.. In Symposium on Computer Animation. Madrid, Spain, 85–91.Google Scholar
29. Matthias Müller, Bruno Heidelberger, Marcus Hennix, and John Ratcliff. 2007. Position based dynamics. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 18, 2 (2007), 109–118.Google ScholarDigital Library
30. Matthias Muller, Matthias Teschner, and Markus Gross. 2004. Physically-based simulation of objects represented by surface meshes. In Proceedings Computer Graphics International, 2004. IEEE, 26–33.Google ScholarDigital Library
31. Rahul Narain, Tobias Pfaff, and James F O’Brien. 2013. Folding and crumpling adaptive sheets. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 32, 4 (2013), 51.Google ScholarDigital Library
32. Rahul Narain, Armin Samii, and James F O’Brien. 2012. Adaptive anisotropic remeshing for cloth simulation. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 31, 6 (2012), 152.Google ScholarDigital Library
33. José M Pizana, Alejandro Rodríguez, Gabriel Cirio, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2020. A Bending Model for Nodal Discretizations of Yarn-Level Cloth. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 39. Wiley Online Library, 181–189.Google Scholar
34. Damien Rohmer, Tiberiu Popa, Marie-Paule Cani, Stefanie Hahmann, and Alla Sheffer. 2010. Animation wrinkling: augmenting coarse cloth simulations with realistic-looking wrinkles. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 29, 6 (2010), 1–8.Google ScholarDigital Library
35. Nadine Abu Rumman and Marco Fratarcangeli. 2016. State of the Art in Skinning Techniques for Articulated Deformable Characters.. In VISIGRAPP (1: GRAPP). 200–212.Google Scholar
36. Rosa M Sánchez-Banderas, Alejandro Rodríguez, Héctor Barreiro, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2020. Robust eulerian-on-lagrangian rods. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 39, 4 (2020), 59–1.Google ScholarDigital Library
37. Igor Santesteban, Miguel A Otaduy, and Dan Casas. 2019. Learning-Based Animation of Clothing for Virtual Try-On. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 38. Wiley Online Library, 355–366.Google Scholar
38. Christian Schumacher, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Stelian Coros, Sebastian Martin, Robert Sumner, and Markus Gross. 2012. Efficient simulation of example-based materials. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics conference on Computer Animation. Citeseer, 1–8.Google Scholar
39. Eftychios Sifakis, Tamar Shinar, Geoffrey Irving, and Ronald Fedkiw. 2007. Hybrid simulation of deformable solids. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation. 81–90.Google ScholarDigital Library
40. Georg Sperl, Rahul Narain, and Chris Wojtan. 2020. Homogenized Yarn-Level Cloth. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 39, 4 (2020).Google ScholarDigital Library
41. Demetri Terzopoulos, John Platt, Alan Barr, and Kurt Fleischer. 1987. Elastically deformable models. In Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. 205–214.Google ScholarDigital Library
42. Raquel Vidaurre, Igor Santesteban, Elena Garces, and Dan Casas. 2020. Fully Convolutional Graph Neural Networks for Parametric Virtual Try-On. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 39. Wiley Online Library, 145–156.Google Scholar
43. Kevin Wampler. 2016. Fast and reliable example-based mesh IK for stylized deformations. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 35, 6 (2016), 1–12.Google ScholarDigital Library
44. Huamin Wang, Florian Hecht, Ravi Ramamoorthi, and James F O’Brien. 2010. Example-based wrinkle synthesis for clothing animation. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers. 1–8.Google ScholarDigital Library
45. Chris Wojtan, Nils Thürey, Markus Gross, and Greg Turk. 2009. Deforming meshes that split and merge. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers. 1–10.Google ScholarDigital Library
46. Chris Wojtan and Greg Turk. 2008. Fast viscoelastic behavior with thin features. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers. 1–8.Google ScholarDigital Library
47. Kui Wu and Cem Yuksel. 2017. Real-time fiber-level cloth rendering. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. 1–8.Google ScholarDigital Library
48. Cem Yuksel, Jonathan M Kaldor, Doug L James, and Steve Marschner. 2012. Stitch meshes for modeling knitted clothing with yarn-level detail. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 31, 4 (2012), 1–12.Google ScholarDigital Library
49. Shuang Zhao, Fujun Luan, and Kavita Bala. 2016. Fitting procedural yarn models for realistic cloth rendering. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 35, 4 (2016), 1–11.Google ScholarDigital Library
50. Evgeny Zuenko and Matthias Harders. 2019. Wrinkles, Folds, Creases, Buckles: Small-Scale Surface Deformations as Periodic Functions on 3D Meshes. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2019).Google Scholar
51. Javier S Zurdo, Juan P Brito, and Miguel A Otaduy. 2012. Animating wrinkles by example on non-skinned cloth. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 19, 1 (2012), 149–158.Google ScholarDigital Library