“Creation and rendering of realistic trees” by Weber and Penn

  • ©Jason P. Weber and Joseph Penn

Conference:


Type(s):


Title:

    Creation and rendering of realistic trees

Presenter(s)/Author(s):



Abstract:


    Recent advances in computer graphics have produced images approaching the elusive goal of photorealism. Since many natural objects are so complex and detailed, they are often not rendered with convincing fidelity due to the difficulties in succinctly defining and efficiently rendering their geometry. With the increased demand of future simulation and virtual reality applications, the production of realistic natural-looking background objects will become increasingly more important. We present a model to create and render trees. Our emphasis is on the overall geometrical structure of the tree and not a strict adherence to botanical principles. Since the model must be utilized by general users, it does not require any knowledge beyond the principles of basic geometry. We also explain a method to seamlessly degrade the tree geometry at long ranges to optimize the drawing of large quantities of trees in forested areas.

References:


    1. M. Alonso, E. Finn. Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1970, pp. 160-166.
    2. M. Aono, T. Kunii. Botanical Tree Image Generation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. May, 1984, pp.10-34, Volume 4, No.5.
    3. J. Bloomenthal. Modeling the Mighty Maple. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’85 (San Francisco, California, July 22-26, 1985). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1985, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 305-311.
    4. P. Chandler, A. Cook, G. DeWolf, G Jones, K Widin. Taylor’s Guide to Trees. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1988.
    5. F. Chan, F. Ching, W Collins, M. Evans, W. Flemer, J. Ford, F. Galle, R Harris, R. Korbobo, F. Lang, F. Mackaness, B. Mulligan, R. Ticknor. Trees. The American Horticultural Society, Mount Vernon, Virginia, 1982.
    6. G. Collingwood, W. Brush. Knowing Your Trees. The American Forestry Association, Washington, DC., 1974.
    7. J. Foley, A. vanDam, S. Feiner, J. Hughes. Computer Graphics, Principles and Practice, Second Edition. Addison- Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1992.
    8. R. Floyd, L. Steinburg. An Adaptive Algorithm for Spatial Grey Scale, Proceedings SID. 1976, pp. 75-77.
    9. D. Halliday, R, Resnick. Fundamentals of Physics, 3rd Ed. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988, pp. 306-322.
    10. E. Haustein. The Cactus Handbook. Hamlin, London, 1991.
    11. J. Den Hartog. Strength of Materials. Dover, Mineola, 1977, pp. 79-88.
    12. H. Honda. Description of the Form of Trees by the Parameters of the Tree-like Body: Effects of the Branching Angle and the Branch Length on the Shape of the Tree-like Body. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 1971, pp. 331-338.
    13. H. Honda, P. Tomlinson, J. Fisher. Computer Simulation of Branch Interaction and Regulation by Unequal Flow Rates in Botanical Trees. American Journal of Botany. 1981, pp. 569-585.
    14. A. Lindenmayer. Mathematical Models for Cellular Interactions in Development, I&II. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 1968, pp. 280-315.
    15. P. Oppenheimer. Real Time Design and Animation of Fractal Plants and Trees. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’86 (Dallas, Texas, August 18-22, 1986). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1986, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 55-64.
    16. J. Page. Planet Earth: Forest. Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, 1983.
    17. P. Prusinkiewicz, A. Lindenmayer. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
    18. P. Prusinkiewicz, M. James, R. M6ch. Synthetic Topiary. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’94 (Orlando, Florida, July 24-29, 1994). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1994, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 351-358.
    19. W. Reeves. Approximate and Probabilistic Algorithms for Shading and Rendering Structured Particle Systems. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’85 (San Francisco, California, July 22-26, 1985). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1985, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 313- 322.
    20. P. de Reffye, C. Edelin, J. Fran~on, M. Jaeger, C. Puech. Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 88 (Atlanta, Georgia, August 1-5, 1988). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1988, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 151-158.
    21. A. Reilly. The Secrets of Trees. Gallery Books, New York, 1991.
    22. J. Rohlf, J. Helman. IRIS Performer: A High Performance Multiprocessing Toolkit for Real-Time 3D Graphics. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’94 (Orlando, Florida, July 24-29, 1994). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1994, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 381-394, specifically Figures 14 and 17 on page 394.
    23. G. Symonds. The Tree Identification Book. William Morrow & Company, New York, 1958.
    24. E. Tootill, S. Blackmore. The Facts on File Dictionary of Botany. Market House Books LTD, Aylesbury, UK, 1984, p.155.


ACM Digital Library Publication:



Overview Page: