“A performance-oriented data parallel virtual machine for GPUs” by Peercy, Segal and Gerstmann

Existing GPU programming interfaces require applications to adopt a graphics-centric programming model exported by a device driver tuned for real-time graphics and games. This programming model, however, hinders the development and performance of non-graphics applications by imposing a graphics policy for program execution and hiding hardware resources. We present a new virtual machine abstraction for GPUs that provides policy-free, low-level access to the hardware and is designed for high-performance, data-parallel applications.

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