“A non-photorealistic lighting model for automatic technical illustration” by Gooch, Gooch, Shirley and Cohen

  • ©Amy Gooch, Bruce Gooch, Peter Shirley, and Elaine Cohen

Conference:


Type:


Title:

    A non-photorealistic lighting model for automatic technical illustration

Presenter(s)/Author(s):



Abstract:


    Phong-shaded 3D imagery does not provide geometric information of the same richness as human-drawn technical illustrations. A non-photorealistic lighting model is presented that attempts to narrow this gap. The model is based on practice in traditional technical illustration, where the lighting model uses both luminance and changes in hue to indicate surface orientation, reserving extreme lights and darks for edge lines and highlights. The lighting model allows shading to occur only in mid-tones so that edge lines and highlights remain visually prominent. In addition, we show how this lighting model is modified when portraying models of metal objects. These illustration methods give a clearer picture of shape, structure, and material composition than traditional computer graphics methods.

References:


    1. Irving Biederman and Ginny Ju. Surface versus Edge-Based Determinants of Visual Recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 20:38-64, 1988.
    2. Faber Birren. Color Perception in Art. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976.
    3. Wendy L. Braje, Bosco S. Tjan, and Gordon E. Legge. Human Efficiency for Recognizing and Detecting Low-pass Filtered Objects. Vision Research, 35(21):2955-2966, 1995.
    4. Tom Browning. Timeless Techniques for Better Oil Paintings. North Light Books, 1994.
    5. Chris Christou, Jan J. Koenderink, and Andrea J. van Doom. Surface Gradients, Contours and the Perception of Surface Attitude in Images of Complex Scenes. Perception, 25:701-713, 1996.
    6. Cassidy J. Curtis, Sean E. Anderson, Kurt W. Fleischer, and David H. Salesin. Computer-Generated Watercolor. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings, August 1997.
    7. Debra Dooley and Michael F. Cohen. Automatic Illustration of 3D Geometric Models: Surfaces. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 13(2):307-314, 1990.
    8. Gershon Elber and Elaine Cohen. Hidden Curve Removal for Free-Form Surfaces. In SIGGRAPH 90 Conference P1vceedings, August 1990.
    9. E. Bruce Goldstein. Sensation and Perception. Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont, California, 1980.
    10. Paul Haeberli. Paint By Numbers: Abstract Image Representation. In SIG- GRAPH 90 Conference P1vceedings, August 1990.
    11. Paul Haeberli. The Accumulation Buffer: Hardware Support for High-Quality Rendering. SIGGRAPH 90 Conference P1vceedings, 24(3), August 1990.
    12. Patricia Lambert. Contlvlling Color: A Practical Intlvduction for Designers and Artists, volume 1. Everbest Printing Company Ltd., 1991.
    13. Peter Litwinowicz. Processing Images and Video for an Impressionistic Effect. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference P1vceedings, August 1997.
    14. L. Markosian, M. Kowalski, S. Trychin, and J. Hughes. Real-Time Non- Photorealistic Rendering. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference P~vceedings, August 1997.
    15. Judy Martin. Technical Illustration: Materials, Methods, and Techniques, volume 1. Macdonald and Co Publishers, 1989.
    16. Barbara J. Meier. Painterly Rendering for Animation. In SIGGRAPH 96 Conference P1vceedings, August 1996.
    17. Bui-Tuong Phong. Illumination for Computer Generated Images. Communications of the ACM, 18(6):311-317, June 1975.
    18. Tom Ruppel, editor. The Way Science Works, volume 1. MacMillan, 1995.
    19. Takafumi Saito and Tokiichiro Takahashi. Comprehensible Rendering of 3D Shapes. In SIGGRAPH 90 Conference P1vceedings, August 1990.
    20. Mike Salisbury, Michael T. Wong, John F. Hughes, and David H. Salesin. Orientable Textures for Image-Based Pen-and-Ink Illustration. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference P1vceedings, August 1997.
    21. Doree Duncan Seligmann and Steven Feiner. Automated Generation of Intent- Based 3D Illustrations. In SIGGRAPH 91 Conference P~vceedings, July 1991.
    22. Bosco S. Tjan, Wendy L. Braje, Gordon E. Legge, and Daniel Kersten. Human Efficiency for Recognizing 3-D Objects in Luminance Noise. Vision Research, 35(21):3053-3069, 1995.
    23. Edward Tufte. Visual Explanations. Graphics Press, 1997.
    24. Bruce Walter, Gun Alppay, Eric R F. Lafortune, Sebastian Fernandez, and Donald R Greenberg. Fitting Virtual Lights for Non-Diffuse Walkthroughs. In SIG- GRAPH 97 Conference P~vceedings, pages 45-48, August 1997.
    25. Lance Williams. Shading in Two Dimensions. Graphics Intelface ’91, pages 143-151, 1991.
    26. Georges Winkenbach and David H. Salesin. Computer Generated Pen-and-Ink Illustration. In SIGGRAPH 94 Conference P~vceedings, August 1994.


ACM Digital Library Publication:



Overview Page: