“Radioptimization: goal based rendering” by Kawai, Painter and Cohen

This paper presents a method for designing the illumination
in an environment using optimization techniques applied to
a radiosity based image synthesis system. An optimization
of lighting parameters is performed based on user specified
constraints and objectives for the illumination of the environment. The Radioptimization system solves for the “best”
possible settings for: light source emissivities, element reflectivities, and spotlight directionality parameters so that the
design goals, such as to minimize energy or to give the room
an impression of “privacy”, are met. The system absorbs
much of the burden for searching the design space allowing the user to focus on the goals of the illumination design
rather than the intricate details of a complete lighting specification.
The system employs an object space perceptual model
based on work by Tumblin and Rushmeier to account for
psychophysical effects such as subjective brightness and the
visual adaptation level of a viewer. This provides a higher
fidelity when comparing the illumination in a computer simulated environment against what would be viewed in the
“real” world. Optimization criteria are based on subjective
impressions of illumination with qualities such as “pleasantness”, and “privateness”. The qualities were selected based
on Flynn’s work in illuminating engineering. These criteria were applied to the radiosity context through an experiment conducted with subjects viewing rendered images, and
the respondents evaluated with a Multi-Dimensional Scaling
analysis.

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