“Pushing the Limits of 3D Color Printing: Error Diffusion With Translucent Materials” by Brunton, Arikan and Urban

  • ©

Conference:


Type(s):


Title:

    Pushing the Limits of 3D Color Printing: Error Diffusion With Translucent Materials

Session/Category Title:   FABRICATING STRUCTURE & APPEARANCE

Presenter(s)/Author(s):


Moderator(s):


Abstract:


    Accurate color reproduction is important in many applications of 3D printing, from design prototypes to 3D color copies or portraits. Although full color is available via other technologies, multi-jet printers have greater potential for graphical 3D printing, in terms of reproducing complex appearance properties. However, to date these printers cannot produce full color, and doing so poses substantial technical challenges, from the shear amount of data to the translucency of the available color materials. In this article, we propose an error diffusion halftoning approach to achieve full color with multi-jet printers, which operates on multiple isosurfaces or layers within the object. We propose a novel traversal algorithm for voxel surfaces, which allows the transfer of existing error diffusion algorithms from 2D printing. The resulting prints faithfully reproduce colors, color gradients and fine-scale details.

References:


    1. 3DSystems. 2014. Projet 860Pro. http://www.3dsystems.com/3dprinters/professional/projet-860pro.
    2. A. Agar and J. Allebach. 2005. Model-based color halftoning using direct binary search. IEEE Trans. on Image Proc. 14, 12, 1945–1959. 
    3. M. Alexa and J. Kyprianidis. 2015. Error diffusion on meshes. Computers and Graphics (Proc. SMI 2014) 46, 336–344. 
    4. C. Arikan, A. Brunton, T. Tanksale, and P. Urban. 2015. Color-managed 3D-printing with highly translucent printing materials. In Proceedings of the SPIE/IS&T Electronic Imaging Conference. San Francisco.
    5. B. E. Bayer. 1973. An optimum method for two-level rendition of continuous-tone pictures. In Proceedings of the IEEE Intl. Conf. on Comm. Seattle, WA, 11–15.
    6. F. Campbell, J. Kulikowski, and J. Levinson. 1966. The effect of orientation on the visual resolution of gratings. The Journal of Physiology 187, 2, 427–436.
    7. S. Chandrasekhar. 1960. Radiative transfer. Courier Dover Publications.
    8. J. Chang, B. Alain, and V. Ostromoukhov. 2009. Structure-aware error diffusion. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia) 28, 5, 162:1–162:8. 
    9. T. Chang and J. Allebach. 2003. Memory efficient error diffusion. IEEE Trans. on Image Proc. 12, 11, 1352–1366. 
    10. D. Chen, D. Levin, P. Didyk, P. Sitthi-Armorn, and W. Matusik. 2013. Spec2fab: A reducer-tuner model for translating specifications to 3D prints. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 4. 
    11. W. Cho, E. Sachs, N. M. Patrikalakis, and D. E. Troxel. 2003. A dithering algorithm for local composition control with three-dimensional printing. CAD 35, 9, 851–867.
    12. CIE Publication No. 142. 2001. Improvement to industrial colour-difference evaluation. Tech. rep., Central Bureau of the CIE, Vienna, Austria.
    13. CIE Publication No. 159. 2004. A colour appearance model for colour management systems: CIECAM02. CIE Central Bureau, Vienna, Austria.
    14. P. Cignoni, E. Gobbetti, R. Pintus, and R. Scopigno. 2008. Color enhancement for rapid prototyping. In Proceedings of VAST. 
    15. E. Demichel. 1924. Le procédé. 26, 3, 17–21, 26–27.
    16. Y. Dong, J. Wang, F. Pellacini, X. Tong, and B. Guo. 2010. Fabricating spatially-varying subsurface scattering. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 29, 4. 
    17. E. Doubrovski, E. Tsai, D. Dikovsky, J. Geraedts, H. Herr, and N. Oxman. 2015. Voxel-based fabrication through material property mapping: A design method for bitmap printing. CAD 60, 3–13.
    18. R. Eschbach and K. Knox. 1991. Error-diffusion algorithm with edge enhancement. JOSA A 8, 12, 1844–1850.
    19. M. D. Fairchild. 2013. Color Appearance Models, 3 ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., West Sussex, England.
    20. P. Felzenzwalb and D. Huttenlocher. 2004. Distance transforms of sampled functions. Tech. rep., Cornell University.
    21. R. Floyd and L. Steinberg. 1976. An adaptive algorithm for spatial grey scale. Proc. of the Soc. of Info. Display 17, 1.
    22. M. Hašan, M. Fuchs, W. Matusik, H. Pfister, and S. Rusinkiewicz. 2010. Physical reproduction of materials with specified subsurface scattering. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 29, 3. 
    23. J. Hergel and S. Lefebvre. 2014. Clean color: Improving multifilament 3D prints. CGF (Proc. Eurographics) 33, 2, 469–478. 
    24. ICC. 2010. File Format for Color Profiles, 4.3.0.0 ed. http://www.color.org.
    25. G. Johnson and M. Fairchild. 2003. A top down description of SCIELAB and CIEDE2000. Color Research and Application 28, 6, 425–435.
    26. Y. Lan, Y. Dong, F. Pellacini, and X. Tong. 2013. Bi-scale appearance fabrication. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 4. 
    27. D. Lau, G. Arce, and N. Gallagher. 1999. Digital halftoning by means of green-noise masks. JOSA A 16, 7, 1575–1586.
    28. D. L. Lau and G. R. Arce. 2001. Modern Digital Halftoning. CRC Press. 
    29. A. Levin, D. Glasner, Y. Xiong, F. Durand, W. Freeman, W. Matusik, and T. Zickler. 2013. Fabricating BRDFs at high spatial resolution using wave optics. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 4. 
    30. P. Li and J. Allebach. 2004. Tone-dependent error diffusion. IEEE Trans. on Image Proc. 13, 2, 201–215. 
    31. Q. Lou and P. Stucki. 1998. Fundamentals of 3D halftoning. LNCS (Proc. Elect. Pub. and Art. Imag.) 1375, 224–239. 
    32. MCor Technologies. 2014. MCor Iris. http://mcortechnologies.com/3d-printers/iris/.
    33. T. Mitsa and K. Parker. 1992. Digital halftoning technique using a blue-noise mask. JOSA A 9, 11, 1920–1929.
    34. J. Morovič. 2008. Color Gamut Mapping. John Wiley & Sons. 
    35. K. T. Mullen. 1985. The contrast sensitivity of human colour vision to red-green and blue-yellow chromatic gratings. The Journal of Physiology 359, 1, 381.
    36. V. Ostromoukhov. 2001. A simple and efficient error-diffusion algorithm. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. 
    37. W.-M. Pang, Y. Qu, T.-T. Wong, D. Cohen-Or, and P. Heng. 2008. Structure-aware halftoning. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 27, 3, 89. 
    38. T. Reiner, N. Carr, R. Mech, O. Stava, C. Dachsbacher, and G. Miller. 2014. Dual-color mixing for fused deposition modeling printers. CGF (Proc. Eurographics) 33, 2, 479–486. 
    39. G. L. Rogers. 1997. Optical dot gain in a halftone print. JIST 41, 643–656.
    40. Scanlab and Turbosquid. 2013. http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/777450.
    41. R. Schmidt, C. Grimm, and B. Wyvill. 2006. Interactive decal compositing with discrete exponential maps. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 25, 3, 605–613. 
    42. Stratasys. 2014. Objet500 Connex3. http://www.stratasys.com/3dprinters/production-series/connex3-systems.
    43. S. Sässtrunk, R. Buckley, and S. Swen. 1999. Standard RGB color spaces. In Proceedings of the IS&T/SID, 7th CIC. Scottsdale Ariz., 127–134.
    44. Ten24. 2013. http://www.ten24.info/?p=1164.
    45. Turbosquid. 2010. http://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/free-maxmodel-apple/549455.
    46. R. Ulichney. 1987. Digital halftoning. The MIT Press. 
    47. F. L. Van Nes and M. A. Bouman. 1967. Spatial modulation transfer in the human eye. JOSA 57, 3, 401–406.
    48. E. K. Vidimč, S.-P. Wang, J. Ragan-Kelley, and W. Matusik. 2013. Openfab: A programmable pipeline for multi-material fabrication. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 4. 
    49. P. L. Vora and H. J. Trussell. 1993. Measure of goodness of a set of color-scanning filters. JOSA A 10, 1499–1508.
    50. D. R. Wyble and R. S. Berns. 2000. A critical review of spectral models applied to binary color printing. Color Research and Application 25, 1, 4–19.
    51. G. Wyszecki and W. Stiles. 2000. Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2 ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    52. X. Zhang and B. A. Wandell. 1996. A spatial extension of CIELAB for digital color image reproduction. Society for Information Display Symposium Technical Digest 27, 731–734.
    53. B. Zhou and X. Fang. 2003. Improving mid-tone quality of variable-coefficient error diffusion using threshold modulation. ACM TOG (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 22, 3, 437–444.

ACM Digital Library Publication:


Overview Page: