“The layer laboratory: a calculus for additive and subtractive composition of anisotropic surface reflectance” by Zeltner and Jakob

  • ©Tizian Zeltner and Wenzel Jakob

Conference:


Type(s):


Entry Number: 74

Title:

    The layer laboratory: a calculus for additive and subtractive composition of anisotropic surface reflectance

Session/Category Title:   Layers, Glints and Surface Microstructure


Presenter(s)/Author(s):



Abstract:


    We present a versatile computational framework for modeling the reflective and transmissive properties of arbitrarily layered anisotropic material structures. Given a set of input layers, our model synthesizes an effective BSDF of the entire structure, which accounts for all orders of internal scattering and is efficient to sample and evaluate in modern rendering systems.Our technique builds on the insight that reflectance data is sparse when expanded into a suitable frequency-space representation, and that this property extends to the class of anisotropic materials. This sparsity enables an efficient matrix calculus that admits the entire space of BSDFs and considerably expands the scope of prior work on layered material modeling. We show how both measured data and the popular class of microfacet models can be expressed in our representation, and how the presence of anisotropy leads to a weak coupling between Fourier orders in frequency space.In addition to additive composition, our models supports subtractive composition, a fascinating new operation that reconstructs the BSDF of a material that can only be observed indirectly through another layer with known reflectance properties. The operation produces a new BSDF of the desired layer as if measured in isolation. Subtractive composition can be interpreted as a type of deconvolution that removes both internal scattering and blurring due to transmission through the known layer.We experimentally demonstrate the accuracy and scope of our model and validate both additive and subtractive composition using measurements of real-world layered materials. Both implementation and data will be released to ensure full reproducibility of all of our results.1

References:


    1. Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun. 1964. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. Dover, New York.Google ScholarDigital Library
    2. Petr Beckmann and Andre Spizzichino. 1963. The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces. MacMillan.Google Scholar
    3. Laurent Belcour and Pascal Barla. 2017. A Practical Extension to Microfacet Theory for the Modeling of Varying Iridescence. ACM Trans. Graph. 36, 4, Article 65 (July 2017). Google ScholarDigital Library
    4. James F. Blinn. 1977. Models of Light Reflection for Computer Synthesized Pictures. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 11, 2 (July 1977), 192–198. Google ScholarDigital Library
    5. James F. Blinn. 1982. Light Reflection Functions for Simulation of Clouds and Dusty Surfaces. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH ’82). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 21–29. Google ScholarDigital Library
    6. Brent Burley. 2012. Physically-based shading at Disney. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Courses (SIGGRAPH ’12). ACM, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
    7. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. 1960. Radiative Transfer. Dover Publications.Google Scholar
    8. Robert L. Cook and Kenneth E. Torrance. 1982. A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics. ACM Trans. Graph. 1, 1 (Jan. 1982), 7–24. Google ScholarDigital Library
    9. Qiang Dai, Jiaping Wang, Yiming Liu, John Snyder, Enhua Wu, and Baining Guo. 2009. The Dual-micro facet Model for Capturing Thin Transparent Slabs. Computer Graphics Forum 28 (10 2009), 1917–1925.Google Scholar
    10. Timothy A. Davis. 2004. Algorithm 832: UMFPACK V4. 3—an unsymmetric-pattern multifrontal method. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) 30, 2 (2004), 196–199. Google ScholarDigital Library
    11. Sergey Ershov, Konstantin Kolchin, and Karol Myszkowski. 2001. Rendering Pearlescent Appearance Based On Paint-Composition Modelling. Computer Graphics Forum (2001).Google Scholar
    12. Louis N.G. Filon. 1928. On a quadrature formula for trigonometric integrals. In Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, Vol. 49. 38–47.Google ScholarCross Ref
    13. Matteo Frigo and Steven G. Johnson. 2005. The design and implementation of FFTW3. In Proceedings of the IEEE. 216–231.Google Scholar
    14. Ian P. Grant and Garry. E. Hunt. 1969. Discrete Space Theory of Radiative Transfer. I. Fundamentals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 313, 1513 (1969).Google Scholar
    15. Gaël Guennebaud, Benoît Jacob, et al. 2010. Eigen v3. http://eigen.tuxfamily.org. (2010).Google Scholar
    16. Pat Hanrahan and Wolfgang Krueger. 1993. Reflection from Layered Surfaces Due to Subsurface Scattering. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH ’93). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 165–174. Google ScholarDigital Library
    17. Eric Heitz, Johannes Hanika, Eugene d’Eon, and Carsten Dachsbacher. 2016. Multiple-scattering Microfacet BSDFs with the Smith Model. ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 4, Article 58 (July 2016). Google ScholarDigital Library
    18. Hideki Hirayama, Kazufumi Kaneda, Hideo Yamashita, and Yoshimi Monden. 2001. An accurate illumination model for objects coated with multilayer films. Computers & Graphics 25, 3 (2001), 391–400.Google ScholarCross Ref
    19. Isabelle Icart and Didier Arquès. 2000. A Physically-Based BRDF Model for Multilayer Systems with Uncorrelated Rough Boundaries. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000. Springer-Verlag, London, UK, UK, 353–364. Google ScholarDigital Library
    20. Wenzel Jakob. 2010. Mitsuba renderer. (2010). http://www.mitsuba-renderer.org.Google Scholar
    21. Wenzel Jakob, Eugene d’Eon, Otto Jakob, and Steve Marschner. 2014. A Comprehensive Framework for Rendering Layered Materials. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4, Article 118 (July 2014). Google ScholarDigital Library
    22. Wenzel Jakob, Marco Tarini, Daniele Panozzo, and Olga Sorkine-Hornung. 2015. Instant Field-aligned Meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 6, Article 189 (Oct. 2015). Google ScholarDigital Library
    23. Csaba Kelemen and Laszlo Szirmay-Kalos. 2001. A microfacet based coupled specular-matte BRDF model with importance sampling. In Eurographics Short Present., Vol. 25.Google Scholar
    24. Nikhil Naik, Shuang Zhao, Andreas Veiten, Ramesh Raskar, and Kavita Bala. 2011. Single View Reflectance Capture Using Multiplexed Scattering and Time-of-flight Imaging. ACM Trans. Graph. 30, 6, Article 171 (Dec. 2011). Google ScholarDigital Library
    25. Jannik Boll Nielsen, Henrik Wann Jensen, and Ravi Ramamoorthi. 2015. On Optimal, Minimal BRDF Sampling for Reflectance Acquisition. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 6, Article 186 (Oct. 2015). Google ScholarDigital Library
    26. PAB. 2018. pab advanced technologies Ltd. http://www.pab.eu. (2018). Accessed: 2018-01-09.Google Scholar
    27. Bui Tuong Phong. 1975. Illumination for Computer Generated Pictures. Commun. ACM 18, 6 (June 1975), 311–317. Google ScholarDigital Library
    28. Szymon Rusinkiewicz. 1998. A New Change of Variables for Efficient BRDF Representation. In Rendering Techniques ’98, Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop in Vienna, Austria, June 29 – July 1, 1998. 11–22.Google ScholarCross Ref
    29. Gaurav Sharma, Wencheng Wu, and Edul Dalai. 2005. The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: Implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations. 30(02 2005), 21 — 30.Google Scholar
    30. Peter Shirley, Brian Smits, Helen Hu, and Eric Lafortune. 1997. A practitioners’ assessment of light reflection models. In Proceedings The Fifth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications. 40–49. Google ScholarDigital Library
    31. Cyril Soler, Kartic Subr, and Derek Nowrouzezahrai. 2018. A Versatile Parameterization for Measured Material Manifolds. In Eurographics 2018 – 39th Conference, Vol. 37. Wiley, Delft, Netherlands, 1–10.Google Scholar
    32. Jos Stam. 2001. An Illumination Model for a Skin Layer Bounded by Rough Surfaces. In Rendering Techniques 2001: Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop in London. Springer Vienna, Vienna, 39–52. Google ScholarDigital Library
    33. Shuochen Su, Felix Heide, Robin Swanson, Jonathan Klein, Clara Callenberg, Matthias Hullin, and Wolfgang Heidrich. 2016. Material Classification Using Raw Time-of-Flight Measurements. In 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 3503–3511.Google Scholar
    34. Kenichiro Tanaka, Yasuhiro Mukaigawa, Hiroyuki Kubo, Yasuyuki Matsushita, and YasushiYagi. 2015. Recovering inner slices of translucent objects by multi-frequency illumination. In 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 5464–5472.Google ScholarCross Ref
    35. Kenneth E. Torrance and Ephraim M. Sparrow. 1967. Theory for Off-Specular Reflection from Roughened Surfaces. Journal of the Optical Society of America (JOSA) 57, 9 (Sept. 1967), 1105–1114.Google ScholarCross Ref
    36. Bruce Walter, Stephen R. Marschner, Hongsong Li, and Kenneth E. Torrance. 2007. Microfacet Models for Refraction Through Rough Surfaces. In Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics Conference on Rendering Techniques (EGSR’07). Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 195–206. Google ScholarDigital Library
    37. Gregory J. Ward. 1992. Measuring and Modeling Anisotropic Reflection. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 26, 2 (July 1992), 265–272. Google ScholarDigital Library
    38. Andrea Weidlich and Alexander Wilkie. 2007. Arbitrarily Layered Micro-facet Surfaces. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia (GRAPHITE ’07). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 171–178. Google ScholarDigital Library


ACM Digital Library Publication:



Overview Page: