“Imperfect shadow maps for efficient computation of indirect illumination”
Conference:
Type(s):
Title:
- Imperfect shadow maps for efficient computation of indirect illumination
Session/Category Title: Lighting, shading & GPUs
Presenter(s)/Author(s):
Abstract:
We present a method for interactive computation of indirect illumination in large and fully dynamic scenes based on approximate visibility queries. While the high-frequency nature of direct lighting requires accurate visibility, indirect illumination mostly consists of smooth gradations, which tend to mask errors due to incorrect visibility. We exploit this by approximating visibility for indirect illumination with imperfect shadow maps—low-resolution shadow maps rendered from a crude point-based representation of the scene. These are used in conjunction with a global illumination algorithm based on virtual point lights enabling indirect illumination of dynamic scenes at real-time frame rates. We demonstrate that imperfect shadow maps are a valid approximation to visibility, which makes the simulation of global illumination an order of magnitude faster than using accurate visibility.
References:
1. Annen, T., Dong, Z., Mertens, T., Bekaert, P., Seidel, H.-P., and Kautz, J. 2008. Real-Time, All-Frequency Shadows in Dynamic Scenes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 27, 3, 34:1–34:8. Google ScholarDigital Library
2. Arikan, O., Forsyth, D. A., and O’Brien, J. F. 2005. Fast and Detailed Approximate Global Illumination by Irradiance Decomposition. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 24, 3, 1108–1114. Google ScholarDigital Library
3. Brabec, S., Annen, T., and Seidel, H.-P. 2002. Shadow Mapping for Hemispherical and Omnidirectional Light Sources. In Proc. of Computer Graphics International, 397–408.Google Scholar
4. Bunnell, M. 2005. Dynamic Ambient Occlusion and Indirect Lighting. In GPU Gems 2, M. Pharr, Ed. Addison Wesley, 223–233.Google Scholar
5. Christensen, P., Laur, D., Fong, J., Wooten, W., and Batali, D. 2003. Ray Differentials and Multiresolution Geometry Caching for Distribution Ray Tracing in Complex Scenes. In Proc. of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 543–552.Google Scholar
6. Cohen-Or, D., Chrysanthou, Y., Silva, C., and Durand, F. 2003. A Survey of Visibility for Walkthrough Applications. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 9, 3, 412–431. Google ScholarDigital Library
7. Crow, F. 1977. Shadow Algorithms for Computer Graphics. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH, 242–248. Google Scholar
8. Dachsbacher, C., and Stamminger, M. 2005. Reflective Shadow Maps. In Proc. of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 203–213. Google Scholar
9. Dachsbacher, C., and Stamminger, M. 2006. Splatting Indirect Illumination. In Proc. of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 93–100. Google Scholar
10. Dachsbacher, C., Vogelgsang, C., and Stamminger, M. 2003. Sequential Point Trees. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 22, 3, 657–662. Google ScholarDigital Library
11. Dachsbacher, C., Stamminger, M., Drettakis, G., and Durand, F. 2007. Implicit Visibility and Antiradiance for Interactive Global Illumination. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 26, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
12. Dong, Z., Kautz, J., Theobalt, C., and Seidel, H.-P. 2007. Interactive Global Illumination Using Implicit Visibility. In Pacific Graphics, 77–86. Google Scholar
13. Dutré, P., Bala, K., and Bekaert, P. 2006. Advanced Global Illumination. AK Peters. Google Scholar
14. Green, P., Kautz, J., and Durand, F. 2007. Efficient Reflectance and Visibility Approximations for Environment Map Rendering. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics) 26, 3, 495–502.Google ScholarCross Ref
15. Grossman, J., and Dally, W. 1998. Point Sample Rendering. In Proc. of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, 181–192.Google Scholar
16. Guennebaud, G., Barthe, L., and Paulin, M. 2006. Realtime Soft Shadow Mapping by Backprojection. In Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 227–234. Google Scholar
17. Hoppe, H. 1996. Progressive Meshes. In SIGGRAPH ’96, 99–108. Google Scholar
18. Iwasaki, K., Dobashi, Y., Yoshimoto, F., and Nishita, T. 2007. Precomputed Radiance Transfer for Dynamic Scenes Taking into Account Light Interreflection. In Proc. of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 35–44. Google Scholar
19. Keller, A. 1997. Instant Radiosity. In SIGGRAPH ’97, 49–56. Google Scholar
20. Kozlowski, O., and Kautz, J. 2007. Is Accurate Occlusion of Glossy Reflections Necessary? In Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, 91–98. Google Scholar
21. Laine, S., Saransaari, H., Kontkanen, J., Lehtinen, J., and Aila, T. 2007. Incremental Instant Radiosity for Real-Time Indirect Illumination. In Proc. of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 277–286. Google Scholar
22. Marroquim, R., Kraus, M., and Cavalcanti, P. R. 2007. Efficient Point-Based Rendering Using Image Reconstruction. In Symposium on Point-Based Graphics 2007, 189–203.Google Scholar
23. Rushmeier, H., Patterson, C., and Veerasamy, A. 1993. Geometric Simplification for Indirect Illumination Calculations. In Graphics Interface, 227–236.Google Scholar
24. Segovia, B., Iehl, J.-C., Mitanchey, R., and Péroche, B. 2006. Non-interleaved Deferred Shading of Interleaved Sample Patterns. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Graphics Hardware, 53–60. Google Scholar
25. Sillion, F., and Drettakis, G. 1995. Feature-based Control of Visibility Error: A Multi-Resolution Clustering Algorithm for Global Illumination. In SIGGRAPH ’95, 145–152. Google Scholar
26. Sillion, F. 1995. A Unified Hierarchical Algorithm for Global Illumination with Scattering Volumes and Object Clusters. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 1, 3, 240–254. Google ScholarDigital Library
27. Sloan, P.-P., Kautz, J., and Snyder, J. 2002. Precomputed Radiance Transfer for Real-Time Rendering in Dynamic, Low-Frequency Lighting Environments. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 21, 3, 527–536. Google ScholarDigital Library
28. Sloan, P.-P., Govindaraju, N., Nowrouzezahrai, D., and Snyder, J. 2007. Image-Based Proxy Accumulation for Real-Time Soft Global Illumination. In Pacific Graphics, 97–105. Google Scholar
29. Stokes, W. A., Ferwerda, J. A., Walter, B., and Green-berg, D. P. 2004. Perceptual Illumination Components: A New Approach to Efficient, High Quality Global Illumination Rendering. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 23, 3, 742–749. Google ScholarDigital Library
30. Tabellion, E., and Lamorlette, A. 2004. An Approximate Global Illumination System for Computer Generated Films. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 23, 3, 469–476. Google ScholarDigital Library
31. Wald, I., Kollig, T., Benthin, C., Keller, A., and Slusallek, P. 2002. Interactive global illumination. In Proc. of Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 9–20. Google ScholarDigital Library
32. Walter, B., Fernandez, S., Arbree, A., Bala, K., Donikian, M., and Greenberg, D. P. 2005. Lightcuts: A Scalable Approach to Illumination. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 24, 3, 1098–1107. Google ScholarDigital Library
33. Wand, M., Fischer, M., Peter, I., auf der Heide, F. M., and Strasser, W. 2001. The Randomized z-Buffer Algorithm: Interactive Rendering of Highly Complex Scenes. In SIGGRAPH ’01, 361–370. Google Scholar
34. Wang, R., Zhu, J.-J., and Humphreys, G. 2007. Precom-puted Radiance Transfer for Real-time Indirect Lighting using A Spectral Mesh Basis. In Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, 13–21. Google Scholar
35. Williams, L. 1978. Casting Curved Shadows on Curved Surfaces. In Computer Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH ’78), 270–274. Google Scholar
36. Wyman, C. 2008. Hierarchical Caustic Maps. In Proc. of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 163–171. Google Scholar
