“A study in interactive 3-D rotation using 2-D control devices” by Chen, Mountford and Sellen

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    A study in interactive 3-D rotation using 2-D control devices

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Abstract:


    This paper describes and evaluates the design of four virtual controllers for use in rotating three-dimensional objects using the mouse. Three of four of these controllers are “new” in that they extend traditional direct manipulation techniques to a 3-D environment. User performance is compared during simple and complex rotation tasks. The results indicate faster performance for complex rotations using the new continuous axes controllers compared to more traditional slider approaches. No significant differences in accuracy for complex rotations were found across the virtual controllers.A second study compared the best of these four virtual controllers (the Virtual Sphere) to a control device by Evans, Tanner and Wein. No significant differences either in time to complete rotation task or accuracy of performance were found. All but one subject indicated they preferred the Virtual Sphere because it seemed more “natural”.

References:


    1. Bier, Eric A. Skitters and Jacks: Interactive 3-D Positioning Tools. In Proceedings 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3-D Graphics (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 1986), 183-196.
    2. Buxton, William. There’s More to Interaction than Meets the Eye: Some Issues in Manual Input. In User Centred System Design: New Perspectives on Human-computer Interaction, D. A. Norman, & S. W. Draper Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N.J, 1986. pp. 319-337.
    3. Chen, Michael. A Technique for Specifying Rotations in Three Dimensions Using a 2D Input Device. In Proceedings IEEE Montech’87 – Compint’87 (Montr6al, Qu6bec, November 1987), 118- 120.
    4. Evans, Kenneth B, Tanner, Peter P. & Wein, Marceli. Tablet Based Valuators that Provides One, Two or Three Degrees of Freedom. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’81 (Dallas, Texas, August 1981). In Computer Graphics 15, 3 (August 1981), 91-97.
    5. Mounfford, S. Joy, Spires, Shannon & Korner, Kim. Visage: A Three- Dimensional Graphics Editor – Evaluation and Review. MCC Technical Report #HI-105-86-P, Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation, Austin, Texas, 1986. Data presented at 31st Annual Meeting of Human Factors Society in New York, October 19- 22, 1987.
    6. Nielson, Gregory M, Olsen, Dan R. Jr. Direct Manipulation Techniques for 3-D Objects Using 2D Locator Devices. In Proceedings 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3-D Graphics (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 1986), 175-182.
    7. Pique, Michael E. Semantics of Interactive Rotations. In Proceedings 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3-D Graphics (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 1986), 259-269.


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