“Rethinking Agency and Immersion: Videogames as a Means of Consciousness-Raising” by Frasca
Conference:
Type(s):
Title:
- Rethinking Agency and Immersion: Videogames as a Means of Consciousness-Raising
Presenter(s)/Author(s):
Abstract:
Until recently, most videogame characters did not reflect our everyday life for the simple reason that most of them were trolls, aliens, and monsters. However, this has changed since the introduction of “The Sims,” the people simulator. Nevertheless, characters in this game are still flat since “The Sims” simulates life in a Disneyland-like way, avoiding ideological conflicts.
Encouraged by authors like Brenda Laurel and Janet Murray, videogame designers have been taking for granted that a high level of agency and immersion are desirable effects. However, I will show that alternative, non-Aristotelian techniques could be used to develop character-driven videogames that enhance critical thinking about ideological issues and social conflicts while keeping the experience enjoyable. I will do this by borrowing some concepts from Bertolt Brecht’s and Augusto Baal’s ideas on non-Aristotelian theater and applying them to videogame design. In this paper, I propose that a modified version of “The Sims” would allow players to create behavioral rules for their characters that reflect their personal opinions. Like in Baal’s Forum Theater, this game would foster critical discussion about social and personal problems.
References:
References
1. Bleeker, J. (1995). Urban crisis: Pase, present, and virtual, Socialist Review, 24.
2. Boal, A. (1992). Games for actor and 11011-actors. London: Routledge, 1992.
3. T heatre of the Oppressed. TCG, New York. 1985.
4. Bruckman, A. (1998). Community Support for Constructionist Learning: www.cc.gatech.edu/fad Amy.Bruckman/papers/cscw.html
5. Foster, E.M. (1995). Aspects of the novel. Harcourt Brace, 1995.
6. Frasca, G. (1998). Don’t play it again, Sam: One-session games of narration: cmc.uib.no/dac 98/papers/frasca.html
7. Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum, 2000.
8. Fullop, R. (1993). Quoted by Scott Rosenberg: “The Latest Action Heroes”. Wired Magazine, March I, 1993.
9. Kafai, Y. (1995). Minds in play: Computer game design as a context for children’s teaming. Laurel Erlbaum, 1995.
10. Laurel, Brenda (1993). Computers as theatre. London: Addison Wesley, 1993. 11. Murray,). (1997). Hamlet
11. the holodeck. Free Press, 1997.
12. Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of the lntemet. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
13. Willet,). (editor). (199). Brecht 011 theatre: The developmetlt of an aesthetic. New York: Hill and Wang.
14. Wright, W. (1995). Sim City 2000. Electronic Arts, 1995.
15. The Sims. Electronic Arts, 2000.