“Understanding the Role of Phase Function in Translucent Appearance” by Gkioulekas, Xiao, Zhao, Adelson, Zickler, et al. …

  • ©Ioannis Gkioulekas, Bei Xiao, Shuang Zhao, Edward H. Adelson, Todd Zickler, and Kavita Bala

Conference:


Type:


Title:

    Understanding the Role of Phase Function in Translucent Appearance

Session/Category Title: Perception

Presenter(s)/Author(s):


Moderator(s):


Abstract:


    Multiple scattering contributes critically to the characteristic translucent appearance of food, liquids, skin, and crystals; but little is known about how it is perceived by human observers. This article explores the perception of translucency by studying the image effects of variations in one factor of multiple scattering: the phase function. We consider an expanded space of phase functions created by linear combinations of Henyey-Greenstein and von Mises-Fisher lobes, and we study this physical parameter space using computational data analysis and psychophysics.

    Our study identifies a two-dimensional embedding of the physical scattering parameters in a perceptually meaningful appearance space. Through our analysis of this space, we find uniform parameterizations of its two axes by analytical expressions of moments of the phase function, and provide an intuitive characterization of the visual effects that can be achieved at different parts of it. We show that our expansion of the space of phase functions enlarges the range of achievable translucent appearance compared to traditional single-parameter phase function models. Our findings highlight the important role phase function can have in controlling translucent appearance, and provide tools for manipulating its effect in material design applications.

References:


    1. Adelson, E. H. 2001. On seeing stuff: The perception of materials by humans and machines. In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging.
    2. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. 2013. http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/.
    3. Amazon Mechanical Turk. 2013. http://www.mturk.com/.
    4. Anderson, B. and Winawer, J. 2008. Layerd image representations and the computation of surface lightness. J. Vis. 8, 7.
    5. Aydin, T. O., Cadik, M., Myszkowski, K., and Seidel, H. P. 2010. Video quality assessment for computer graphics applications. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 6.
    6. Bonhams 1793 Limited. 2013. http://www.Bonhams.com/.
    7. Brainard, D. and Maloney, L. 2011. Surface color perception and equivalent illumination models. J. Vis. 11, 5.
    8. Casella, G. and Berger, R. 2001. Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press.
    9. Chandrasekhar, S. 1960. Radiative Transfer. Dover.
    10. Cornette, W. and Shanks, J. 1992. Physically reasonable analytic expression for the single-scattering phase function. Appl. Optics 31, 16, 3152–3160.
    11. Cox, T. and Cox, M. 2000. Multidimensional Scaling. Chapman and Hall.
    12. Cunningham, D., Wallraven, C., Fleming, R., and Straer, W. 2007. Perceptual reparameterization of material properties. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Aesthetics. Eurographics Association, 89–96.
    13. Davis, J. V., Kulis, B., Jain, P., Sra, S., and Dhillon, I. S. 2007. Information-theoretic metric learning. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning.
    14. Debevec, P. 1998. Rendering synthetic objects into real scenes: Bridging traditional and image based graphics with global illumination and high dynamic range photography. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM Press, New York, 189–198.
    15. Dryden, I. and Mardia, K. 1998. Statistical Shape Analysis. John Wiley and Sons.
    16. Fisher, R. 1953. Dispersion on a sphere. Proc. Royal Soc. London Math. Phys. Sci. A217, 1130, 295–305.
    17. Fleming, R., Dror, R., and Adelson, E. 2003. Real-world illumination and the perception of surface reflectance properties. J. Vis. 3, 5.
    18. Fleming, R. W. and Bulthoff, H. H. 2005. Low-level image cues in the perception of translucent materials. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 2, 3, 346–382.
    19. Fleming, R. W., Jensen, H. W., and Bulthoff, H. H. 2004. Perceiving translucent materials. In Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization (APGV’04). 127–134.
    20. Frey, B. and Dueck, D. 2007. Clustering by passing messages between data points. Sci. 315, 5814, 972.
    21. Frisvad, J., Christensen, N., and Jensen, H. 2007. Computing the scattering properties of participating media using lorenz-mie theory. ACM Trans. Graph 26, 3.
    22. Goesele, M., Lensch, H. P. A., Lang, J., Fuchs, C., and Seidel, H.-P. 2004. DISCO: Acquisition of translucent objects. ACM Trans. Graph 23, 3, 835–844.
    23. Han, C., Sun, B., Ramamoorthi, R., and Grinspun, E. 2007. Frequency domain normal map filtering. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3.
    24. Hara, K., Nishino, K., and Ikeuchi, K. 2008. Mixture of spherical distributions for single-view relighting. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30, 1, 25–35.
    25. Henyey, L. and Greenstein, J. 1941. Diffuse radiation in the galaxy. The Astrophys. J. 93, 70–83.
    26. Irvin, W. 1965. Multiple scattering by large particles. The Astrophys. J. 142, 1563.
    27. Jakob, W. 2010. Mitsuba renderer. http://www.mitsuba-rendering.org.
    28. Jensen, H. 2001. Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping. AK Peters, Ltd.
    29. Jensen, H. and Buhler, J. 2002. A rapid hierarchical rendering technique for translucent materials. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3.
    30. Jensen, H., Marschner, S., Levoy, M., and Hanrahan, P. 2001. A practical model for subsurface light transport. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM Press, New York, 511–518.
    31. Kattawar, G. 1975. A three-parameter analytic phase function for multiple scattering calculations. J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer 15, 9, 839–849.
    32. Kerr, W. B. and Pellacini, F. 2010. Toward evaluating material design interface paradigms for novice users. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4.
    33. Khan, E., Reinhard, E., Fleming, R., and Bulthoff, H. 2006. Image-based material editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 25, 3, 654–663.
    34. Kim, J. and Anderson, B. 2010. Image statistics and the perception of surface gloss and lightness. J. Vis. 10, 9.
    35. Koenderink, J. and van Doorn, A. 2001. Shading in the case of translucent objects. In Proceeding of the SPIE Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging. Vol. 4299. 312.
    36. Krivanek, J., Ferwerda, J., and Bala, K. 2010. Effects of global illumination approximations on material appearance. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4.
    37. Mantiuk, R., Kim, K., Rempel, A., and Heidrich, W. 2011. HDR-vdp2: A calibrated visual metric for visibility and quality predictions in all luminance conditions. ACM Trans. Graph. 30, 4, 40.
    38. Marlow, P., Kim, J., and Anderson, B. 2011. The role of brightness and orientation congruence in the perception of surface gloss. J. Vis. 11, 9.
    39. Metelli, F. 1974. The perception of transparency. Sci. Amer. 230, 90–98.
    40. Motoyoshi, I. 2010. Highlight-shading relationship as a cue for the perception of translucent and transparent materials. J. Vis. 10, 9.
    41. Motoyoshi, I., Nishida, S., Sharan, L., and Adelson, E. 2007. Image statistics and the perception of surface qualities. Nature 447, 7141, 206.
    42. Mourant, J., Boyer, J., Hielscher, A., and Bigio, I. 1996. Influence of scattering phase function on light transport measurements in turbid media performed with small source-detector separations. Optics Lett. 21, 7, 546–548.
    43. Myszkowski, K., Tawara, T., Akamine, H., and Seidel, H.-P. 2001. Perception-guided global illumination solution for animation rendering. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 221–230.
    44. Narasimhan, S., Gupta, M., Donner, C., Ramamoorthi, R., Nayar, S., and Jensen, H. 2006. Acquiring scattering properties of participating media by dilution. ACM Trans. Graph, 25, 1003–1012.
    45. Ngan, A., Durand, F., and Matusik, W. 2006. Image-driven navigation of analytical brdf models. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering.
    46. Nishida, S. and Shinya, M. 1998. Use of image-based information in judgments of surface reflectance properties. J. Optics Soc. Amer. Image Sci. Vis. A15, 12, 2951–2965.
    47. Pellacini, F., Ferwerda, J. A., and Greenberg, D. P. 2000. Toward a psychophysically-based light reflection model for image synthesis. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 55–64.
    48. Ramanarayanan, G., Ferwerda, J., Walter, B., and Bala, K. 2007. Visual equivalence: Towards a new standard for image fidelity. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3.
    49. Rosset, S. and Zhu, J. 2007. Peacewise linear regularized solution paths. The Ann. Statist. 35, 3, 1012–1030.
    50. Rushmeier, H., Rogowitz, B., and Piatko, C. 2000. Perceptual issues in substituting texture for geometry. In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging. Vol. 3959. 372.
    51. Scholkopf, B. and Smola, A. 2001. Learning with Kernels. The MIT Press.
    52. Sharan, L., Li, Y., Motoyoshi, I., Nishida, S., and Adelson, E. 2008. Image statistics for surface reflectance perception. J. Optics Soc. Amer. Image Sci. Vis. A25, 4, 846–865.
    53. Srebro, N., Rennie, J., and Jaakkola, T. 2005. Maximum-margin matrix factorization. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. MIT Press, 1329–1336.
    54. Stanford University Computer Graphics Laboratory. 2013. The stanford 3d scanning repository. http://graphics.stanford.edu/data/3Dscanrep/.
    55. Tamuz, O., Liu, C., Belongie, S., Shamir, O., and Kalai, A. 2011. Adaptively learning the crowd kernel. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning.
    56. Thompson, W., Fleming, R., Creem-Regehr, S., and Stefanucci, J. 2011. Visual Perception from a Computer Perspective. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    57. Toh, K. and Yun, S. 2010. An accelerated proximal gradient algorithm for nuclear norm regularized linear leased squares problems. Pacific J. Optim. 6, 20, 615–640.
    58. van de Hulst, H. 1981. Light Scattering by Small Particles. Dover.
    59. Vangorp, P. and Dutré, P. 2008. Shape-dependent gloss correction. In Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization. 123–130.
    60. Vangorp, P., Laurijssen, J., and Dutré, P. 2007. The influence of shape on the perception of material reflectance. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 77.
    61. Westlund, H. B. and Meyer, G. W. 2001. Applying appearance standards to light reflection models. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 501–551.
    62. Wills, J., Agarwal, S., Kriegman, D., and Belongie, S. 2009. Toward a perceptual space for gloss. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 4, 1–15.
    63. Wyman, D., Patterson, M., and Wilson, B. 1989. Similarity relations for the interaction parameters in radiation transport. Appl. Optics 28, 24, 5243–5249.
    64. Xiao, B. and Brainard, D. 2008. Surface gloss and color perception of 3d objects. Vis. Neurosci. 25, 3, 371–385.
    65. Yaroslavsky, A., Yaroslavsky, I., Goldbach, T., and Schwarz-Maier, H. 1999. Influence of the scattering phase function approximation on the optical properties of blood determined from the integrating sphere measurements. J. Biomed. Optics 4, 47.

ACM Digital Library Publication:


Overview Page: